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The population level effectiveness of a vaccine may arise as the result of direct protection of vaccines and vaccine herd protection\, which may protect non-vaccines\, vaccines\, or b oth. Indirect\, total\, enhanced\, and overall vaccine protection are meas ures of vaccine herd protection. The level of population level effectivene ss induced by a vaccine is driven by several factors\, including known vac cine-induced protective efficacy\, the magnitude\, and distribution of vac cine coverage at a point in time and the extent to which different groups mix with one another in the community. Data on vaccine herd protection are valuable in understanding the importance and cost-effectiveness in deploy ing the vaccine in public health program. This presentation provides a bri ef description of the herd protective effects of the oral cholera vaccines \, as an example\, that have been evaluated for herd protection in various study settings\, leveraging the geographic information system (GIS) tools for analyses. The study designs include individually randomized clinical trials\, cluster randomized clinical trials\, observational cohort studies \, and observational case-control studies. In all study designs\, signific ant herd protection was observed in unvaccinated persons as well as in the community as a whole. The findings of these studies suggest that use of t he GIS tools may effectively assess population level vaccine effectiveness in different study designs.
\n\n Speaker p>\n | \n \n Biography \n | \n
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| \n \n In 1984\, I started my research career at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research\, Bangla desh (ICDDR\,B) focusing on data management and statistical analysis of a large clinical trial. Subsequently\, I was involved in various studies on population and health at the Center. After completion of my Ph.D. in the f ield of spatial epidemiology\, I joined at the International Vaccine Insti tute (IVI)\, Seoul\, Korea as the Senior Scientist\, and the Head of Biost atistics Unit in early 2001. I introduced Geographic Information System in vaccine evaluation studies for the various research sites of IVI. My spat ial epidemiology studies investigated the effectiveness of cholera vaccine s\, the approach demonstrated that the use of geographic variations in vac cine coverage can help evaluate the indirect protective effects of the vac cine. This method is applicable to trials of a wide range of vaccines befo re they are introduced into public health practice. In addition\, I used G IS\, satellite remote sensing\, and spatial modeling techniques in researc h that is grounded in geographic theories of human-environment interaction for generating hypotheses about potential causes of the health problems. I created model for the emergence and fluctuations of cholera by integrati ng spatial data sets including satellite imagery derived from different se nsors\, climatic variables\, and socio-demographic characteristics (popula tion distribution\, and socio-economic status) of the people. In late 2013 \, I joined at the Johns Hopkins University as a Senior Scientist. At the university\, I developed protocols and research studies\, published scient ific papers\, led statistical analysis activities involving multiple insti tutions\, developed data management and statistical analysis plans for the clinical trials\, ensured standardization of methods and the quality of t he data by assessing and assisting study sites in the design and conduct o f the study\, mentored MSPH and PhD students\, and taught a course on the spatial analysis of health events. Since beginning of 2020\, I have workin g as a Biostatistics lead for pneumococcal franchise at the Pfizer VAC-Med ical and involved in scientific data analysis of the various clinical stud ies around the globe. \nI am author or co-author of more than 200 publications and book chapters\, reviewer of several peer-review ed journals\, Editor of PLoS ONE\, and worked as a Research Consultant in several research institutes. \n | \n